Beryllium, a chemical used in many industries, is a toxic substance that can be harmful. Exposure to it can result in serious injury and even death. An estimated 2-6% of workers exposed to beryllium eventually develop beryllium disease - scarring of the lung that leads to lung cancer. Of those workers, up to one third will die as a result of their exposure to beryllium dust and fumes.
The EPA classifies beryllium dust and fumes as toxic air pollutants.
Beryllium Risks
Approximately 800,000 workers in the United States work with and around beryllium. The industries in which beryllium can be found include:
- Electronics (transistors, heat sinks, x-ray windows)
- Atomic energy (heat shields, nuclear reactors, nuclear weapons)
- Laboratory work (research and development, metallurgy, chemistry)
- Metal working (pure beryllium, copper and aluminum alloys, jet brake pads, aerospace components)
- Ceramic manufacturing (semi-conductor chips, ignition modules, crucibles, jet engine blades, rocket covers)
- Extraction (ore and scrap metal)
- Dental work (alloys and crowns, bridges, dental plates)
What is Beryllium?
Beryllium, a metal, is lightweight, hard, non-magnetic and resistant to heat, making it a good electrical and thermal conductor. Long used by the defense industry in nuclear weapons, missiles and other applications, it is now more widely used in numerous industries including aerospace, automotive, electronics and telecommunications. Beryllium can also be found in dental work, bicycle frames and tools, and dyes.
Solid beryllium is not harmful. But the dust created when people work with beryllium can be deadly if ingested into the lungs. Once lodged into the lungs, the dust can cause scarring leading to beryllium disease and lung cancer.